Anti-Diabetic Medicines

Here are some common categories and examples of anti-diabetic medicines along with a brief description of each:

1. Biguanides:
   • Metformin: Reduces glucose production in the liver and improves insulin sensitivity.
2. Sulfonylureas:
   • Glipizide: Stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin.
   • Glyburide: Similar to Glipizide, it helps lower blood sugar by increasing insulin production.
3. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs):
   • Pioglitazone: Improves insulin sensitivity and reduces insulin resistance.
   • Rosiglitazone: Also enhances insulin sensitivity but has potential cardiovascular risks.
4. DPP-4 Inhibitors:
   • Sitagliptin: Increases incretin levels, which helps regulate insulin secretion.
   • Linagliptin: Similar action as Sitagliptin, with a once-daily dosing schedule.
5. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists:
   • Liraglutide: Mimics incretin to stimulate insulin secretion and reduce appetite.
   • Semaglutide: Similar to Liraglutide but with a longer half-life, allowing for weekly dosing.
6. SGLT2 Inhibitors:
   • Canagliflozin: Reduces glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, promoting glucose excretion.
   • Empagliflozin: Also promotes urinary glucose excretion and may have cardiovascular benefits.
7. Insulin:
   • Rapid-acting Insulin: Such as insulin lispro, used for mealtime blood sugar control.
   • Long-acting Insulin: Such as insulin glargine, provides a steady release of insulin throughout the day.
8. Amylin Analog:
   • Pramlintide: Used in conjunction with insulin to help control blood sugar levels post-meal.